Tag Archives: personality

Kanye West’s Unfinished ‘Monster’ Video Leaks Online

Gory video features Jay-Z, Nicki Minaj, Rick Ross, and images of decapitated women and zombies feasting on flesh. By Gil Kaufman Kanye West (file) Photo: Lester Cohen/ Getty Images The lyrics to Kanye West ‘s all-star track “Monster” are full of dark images of bloodsuckers, dead hands, the devil, sarcophagi, ghouls, goblins, murder, fangs and Chucky from “Child’s Play.” And though he’s not often one to take such a literal path in the imagery that accompanies his songs, a leaked version of the unfinished video for West’s “Monster” lives up to the gruesome, blood-drenched lyrical barbs served up in the song by Yeezy, Rick Ross, Jay-Z and Nicki Minaj . The fuller version is in keeping with the gory glimpses seen in late November when a preview leaked online. At press time, West had not commented on the leak, but online hip-hop communities were abuzz about the transgressive nature of the images in the five-minute clip. It opens with the disturbing sight of several woman in lingerie and high heels hanging from nooses around Ross as he sits on a throne and smokes a cigar, then switches to a scene of West being groped by the hands of unseen women reaching through a metal gate. As he raps about “the best living or dead, hands down, huh?” West pops up shirtless on a bed with electric-blue sheets next to two hollow-eyed women in lingerie. They appear to be dead as he positions their limp arms around each other. What follows are scenes in which a woman in a designer dress drags a lifeless man’s body across the floor and then draws blood as she steps on his chest with her spiked heels. The clip, which borrows heavily from monster and horror movie tropes seen in such films as “Saw,” “Night of the Living Dead” and “American Psycho,” depicts Kanye in a mansion trying to hold back a horde of zombie attackers, dead women splayed out on dinner tables, a zombie couple feasting on a bloody corpse, glowing-eyed ghoulies crawling down halls, Jay-Z rapping in a crisp suit in front of a dead naked woman draped face-down on a leather couch, and West standing in cowboy gear while holding a woman’s severed head. Amidst all these graphic images of decapitated and dismembered female forms comes a scene in which Nicki, wearing black leather bondage gear and wielding a leather riding crop, engages in a psychological showdown with herself. She’s seen riding herd over a hooded figure in a white wedding dress strapped to an executioner’s chair, wielding a long, sharp sword. Once the hood is removed, it’s clear that Minaj is confronting her pink-wigged Barbie alter ego as the two sides of her personality engage in a death match that swings from a lap dance to seeming threats of murder. The flesh feast ends with glimpses of a female werewolf in black teddy and rocking bushy grey muttonchops dancing in front of a fire, West cuddling in bed with his deceased female companions and pale hands reaching out from behind a door. No release date has been announced for the official version of the “Monster” video. Related Photos Kanye West’s Amazing Year Related Artists Kanye West

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Kanye West’s Unfinished ‘Monster’ Video Leaks Online

TJ Lavin Heads Home from Hospital

A month after a harrowing accident placed him in intensive car, BMX star TJ Lavin has been released from the hospital. The athlete’s mother told The Las Vegas Review-Journa l that her son – who was placed in a coma to stop swelling in his brain, and also suffered an orbital fracture and a broken right wrist – has made significant progress and “is now walking, talking, eating on his own and is getting his sense of humor back.” “He has some eye issues and balance issues, but as the swelling goes down, we hope they will go away,” Barbara Lavin said. “He’s starting to get his personality back.” Going forward, Lavin will have to wear an eye patch occasionally, but will receive assistance from fianc

Mapping Stereotypes: Yanko Tsvetkov Puts Our Stereotypes on Map

Bulgarian graphic designer and illustrator Yanko Tsvetkov has revealed seven maps of Europe reproducing what he saw as stereotypes that different nations have about European countries. http://www.theblogismine.com/2010/09/21/mapping-stereotypes-yanko-tsvetkov-puts-… added by: theblogismine

Obama’s Defense Plan: “We Can Absorb a Terrorist Attack”

Do you think that we can absorb a terrorist attack? We shouldn't have too! added by: galwayman

Move Over Priest: Celebrity Preacher Eddie Long Faces Third Sex Abuse Claim

I spoke, personally, to a friend here in Atlanta that used to attend New Birth Missionary Baptist Church and grew up with Eddie Long in Baltimore, Maryland. He told that the inner circle of Long's entourage has always known about his passion and desire for young boys. One of the accusers was involved in a break in at the church last year. One of the things stolen was the Bishop's Iphone. The young man knew that the phone was the smoking gun because of the incriminating numbers and messages it carried. New Birth Missionary Baptist Church, with it's 30,000 members, has the largest African American congregation in the southeast region of the United States. I'm just not surprised. Don't ask me why, I'm just not. ___________________________________________________________ (Sept. 22) — A third lawsuit has been filed accusing Bishop Eddie Long of coercing young men in his Atlanta megachurch into having sex in exchange for cash and cars. The suit was filed today in DeKalb County Superior Court, in Georgia, the Atlanta Journal-Constitution reported. Earlier today, a spokesman for the pastor said the two other young men who have filed lawsuits against Long are out to stake their claim on his fortune and called the allegations baseless. The allegations against the leader of a 25,000-plus-member church are particularly explosive because of Long's outspoken views on homosexuality. The Southern Poverty Law Center calls the New Birth Missionary Baptist Church leader “one of the most virulently homophobic black leaders in the religiously based anti-gay movement” and noted that he has referred to homosexuality and lesbianism as “spiritual abortions.” In the lawsuit filed Tuesday in DeKalb County, Ga., the two men accuse Long of exploiting his influence to coerce the then-teenagers into sexual relationships with him for years. Johnny Nunez, Wire Image Two men have filed a lawsuit alleging Bishop Eddie Long, here in 2007, coerced them into sexual relationships when they were teenagers. The lawsuit says Long, 57, has a long pattern of “singling out a select group of young male church members” and using his influence to engage in “sexual acts and relationships for his own personal sexual gratification.” The suit says the pastor — leader of New Birth Missionary Baptist Church in the Atlanta suburb of Lithonia — referred to the teenagers as “spiritual sons” and instructed them to follow their “master.” In exchange, they claim, Long introduced them to celebrities like film director Tyler Perry, according to The New York Times. Art Franklin told CNN the claims are nothing more than “a case of retaliation and a shakedown for money by men with some serious credibility issues” and are “definitely without merit.” Franklin noted that one of the accusers was arrested earlier this year and charged with breaking into the church's offices and stealing an iPad and an iPhone. The attorney for the men, Brenda Joy Bernstein, says the June 23 break-in was committed out of anger, when one of the plaintiffs discovered that Long had similar relationships with other young men in the congregation. “He lashed out,” Bernstein told the Atlanta Journal-Constitution. “But if it weren't for that act, we wouldn't know about this. He talked to his friends and learned Long had other 'spiritual sons.'” But not all of the church's members see it that way. Samuel Midgette, 40, said he doesn't believe the allegations, in part because of often Long speaks about his wife in glowing terms. “A man who talks about his wife as much as he do…I can't see it. Unless I'm blind,” Midgette told AOL News today in a phone interview. He said the men making the claims are likely after Long's money. “People don't believe this,” he said. “I think this is all about money.” The lawsuit charges that the abuse began when one of the men was 16. According to the suit, Long put the teenager on the church's payroll, bought him a Chevy Malibu and took him on trips to Turks and Caicos, New York and New Zealand. In New Zealand, Long “regularly engaged in sexual touching and sexual acts” with the teenager, the lawsuit says. Long “categorically denies the allegations,” his attorney, Craig Gillen, told The Associated Press. “We find it unfortunate that these two young men would take this course of action.” Gillen did not immediately return a call to AOL News. Bernstein says church officials knew about the abuse and failed to stop it. “They would do everything to protect the most powerful church in the Southeast,” she told the Times. Long's church hosts a program titled “Out of the Wilderness” that claims to help cure its participants of homosexuality. In 2006, when the family of Martin Luther King Jr. chose New Birth Missionary Baptist Church as the location for Coretta Scott King's funeral, civil rights leader Julian Bond refused to attend. Bond said King's widow supported gay rights and never would have wanted to be in the presence of Long. “I knew her attitude toward gay and lesbian rights. And I just couldn't imagine that she'd want to be in that church with a minister who was a raving homophobe,” Bond told told AOL's Black Voices in 2006. “And I couldn't see myself in my church either.” added by: keithponder

Don’t Be A Hater, It’s Making You Sad

Watch out, what you say about others may actually be like holding a mirror to yourself. A recent study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology examined “perceiver effects,” a tendency for people to view others as having the same personality and motives as they do. Your IQ, your gender, and your attitude may reveal more about your own personality than you think. Three separate studies were conducted on college undergraduates to determine the extent that personal characteristics affect a person’s perception of other people. Research participants with positive perceptions of others were more likely to be satisfied with their own life. They were less likely to be depressed. Plus, the study participants who liked people, had a greater sense of fitting in. Interestingly, the “positive perceivers” had a lower desire to have power over others, less fear of being in a position of power, and lower sense of misusing power or being socially dominant. When it comes to viewing themselves, the positive people typically described themselves as happy too. On the flip side, those with negative perceptions of others were more likely to judge others as more extraverted, less agreeable, and less emotionally stable. The researchers found “negative perceivers” were also more likely to experience bouts of the “blues.” It gets more interesting. Those with higher GPA, SAT scores and IQ scores view others as “less open to experience” and less conscientiousness. Brainiacs, however, did tend to rate other people as more agreeable. Additionally, the women in the study, more so than men, were more likely to rate others positively. Women also had a tendency to judge others as more extraverted, conscientious, and open to experience. The findings aren’t conclusive or definitive, but they are intriguing. Yes, the “perceiver effects” study was small and not the best reflection of every day society. Nor does it fully support the idea that a person’s perception is only related to their personality or disposition. Perceiver effects may in fact be self-perpetuated. Viewing others positively allows a person to become friendlier to others, and other people respond in kind. It’s also very likely that the opposite true: perceiving others negatively may initiate a vicious cycle for others to behave negatively, which in turn leads to a confirmation of a person’s original perception. Think about that the next time you perceive others. Happy Perceiving! added by: singrrr

Can Audrina Patridge Or The Situation Win ‘Dancing With The Stars’?

Pundits praise ‘Jersey Shore’ star’s ‘over-the-top personality’ and ‘cachet.’ By Jocelyn Vena Tony Dovolani and Audrina Patridge Photo: ABC This season of “Dancing With the Stars” contains a battle between two of MTV’s most recognizable faces: “Jersey Shore” star the Situation and “Hills” star Audrina Patridge . One week in, Audrina has fared better in the score department, racking up a 19 to the Situation’s 15 . But since it’s still early in the competition, it’s anybody’s game — and some pop-culture experts are placing their bets on the man who made “GTL” a household term. “Audrina was clearly the better dancer last night and got hosed with the scores. She was definitely hurt going first. It’s a tough call on the Sitch right now because he only practiced for five days, but I think he can get better,” explained Joyce Eng, staff editor at TVGuide.com. “I think his cachet can get him through a few rounds, but he needs to really pick it up to go far.” Personality is more of a factor than dancing skill, according to David Caplan, an entertainment journalist who has worked at celeb magazines like People and Star . And, he says, that might help the Situation in the end. “The Situation may have a better chance than Audrina since he is a fan favorite,” he said. “He’s much more recognizable. He’s sexy. He’s hunky. He’s on a show right now that’s hot. With Audrina, you know her time as a ‘Hills’ star is waning now.” Us Weekly reporter Brad Witter isn’t ready to give anyone the crown yet. “It’s hard to say. I think that the Situation has the bigger personality and America definitely responds to that. Look at Cloris Leachman; America kept her on because of her personality. The Situation had five days to rehearse and he compensated for it with his over-the-top personality. He’s an entertainer. “I think, obviously, Audrina, she showed that she was the better dancer,” he added. “But she falls a little flat sometimes. I think she’s taking it very seriously, but she’s kind of dull.” Eng noted that the reality-TV backgrounds of the Situation and Audrina make their roads to the top a little tough. “It’s difficult to gauge reality stars’ fanbases. For every person who’s a fan, there are probably five more people who hate them or their show. They’re not as universally beloved as athletes, actors or stars — like Jennifer [Grey] and Florence [Henderson], who are going to have fans in their corner no matter what,” she said. “The first few weeks will be telling for [the Situation and Audrina], especially if either of them land in the bottom two or three.” Are you pulling for either of the MTV celebs on “Dancing With the Stars”? Let us know in the comments! Related Photos ‘Dancing With The Stars’ Season 11 Cast Revealed! Other MTV Stars Who Should Be On ‘Dancing With The Stars’

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Can Audrina Patridge Or The Situation Win ‘Dancing With The Stars’?

Olivia Munn does GQ in her Panties of the Day

I hate Olivia Munn because I am onto her scam. She’s a bottom feeding piece of shit who happens to have a decent PR company behind her. She landed a cable show that no one expected anyone to really watch, that catered to virgin losers, and threw her in the mix as the “hot” chick who understood virgin losers and virgin loser issues, like videogames, technology, the internet, comic books and a variety of loser virgin things that lead to virgin losers thinking they had a chance with her, and that despite her not being as hot as the Hentai porn they jerk off to, her personality and understanding of them just takes her to another level. It’s a scam, she was never into that shit, she just knew she was onto something when she found out how virgin losers think, and the loyalty they have to people who bother talking to them. I know for a fact Olivia Munn was not a geek in high school, but the girl trying to fit in with the hot girls, snobbing out the geeks, before she realized shit will carry her career and land her in magazines the pretty girls she once tried to fit in with never will. I fucking hate this lying cunt and I don’t find her fun, funny, interesting, cool, or anything other than annoying. I just hope God punishes her for all the manipulation she has done to weak minded people for personal gain. Fucking cunt. But on a sidenote, I was featured on her G4 TV show once, unfortunately the only TV coverage I’ve ever had…but I think they were just trying to fool me into liking her….well it didn’t fucking work. Here are her panties in GQ like she was an actual model, even though she clearly is not… This is really like some Tila Tequila being popular on Myspace so they gave her a show…only of a lesser quality…. I should stop this post now….fine….I will.

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Olivia Munn does GQ in her Panties of the Day

NBC’s Chuck Todd Projects ‘Democrats Are In Deep, Deep Trouble’

If Democrats weren’t nervous about November’s midterm elections yet, they could soon be, especially when you consider that even their allies in the liberal media are starting to forecast doom for them, as NBC’s Chuck Todd did on Tuesday’s Today show, going as far to predict “Democrats are in deep, deep trouble.” Todd, appearing in the 7am half hour of this morning’s Today show explained to viewers that ” The Tea Party has provided an enthusiasm boost to the Republican Party,” however he reminded Democrats that they still had “six weeks to turn this around” but then added that “if they don’t, they are headed for an historical defeat in November.” Interestingly though Todd and his NBC colleague Kelly O’Donnell, in her set up piece, didn’t exactly paint a big Republican win as a defeat for liberals, as they couldn’t even bring themselves to attach that label to any Democrats running in 2010. While Todd and O’Donnell used the “conservative” label a total of four times between them, neither of them used the “liberal” label even when they discussed Florida Representative Kendrick Meek who has a lifetime ACU rating of 7 and a lifetime ADA rating of 92 percent.  The following O’Donnell set-up piece and Todd segment were aired on the August 24 Today show: ANN CURRY: Now to politics. Voters are heading to the polls in five states today headlined by primaries in Florida and Arizona that pit the political establishment against Washington outsiders. NBC’s Kelly O’Donnell is in Phoenix this morning, with details on this. Kelly, good morning. [On screen headline: “Primary Day, Incumbents Battle Outsiders In November Preview”] KELLY O’DONNELL: Good morning, Ann. That’s right. From Phoenix to Florida to Fairbanks voters are deciding some of the most talked about races this year. They include well-known incumbents and some very interesting outsiders and including is John McCain, who will start right here. He has spent more than $20 million in campaign cash and some of that was left over from his presidential run in 2008. Senator John McCain says he has something to prove. JOHN MCCAIN TO VOTER: Thank you very much. O’DONNELL: Going for a fifth term in this anti-incumbent year. (Begin ad clip) MCCAIN: I appreciate your support. I ask for your vote. (End clip) O’DONNELL: Means fighting off a conservative challenger and that requires fighting against Barack Obama once again. MCCAIN: I’m running against his policies and what he and his administration have done to this country, but at the same time I’m running for Arizona. I’m running for jobs. I’m running for keeping people in their homes. J.D. HAYWORTH: I’d really be honored to have your support in the primary. O’DONNELL: Opponent J.D. Hayworth, a former congressman, accuses McCain of supporting amnesty for illegal immigrants. HAYWORTH: This is really true. O’DONNELL: McCain exposed a 2007 TV show where Hayworth was a pitch man on how to get free government money, hardly the Tea Party conservatism he talks about today. HAYWORTH: Even if they have some concerns about me and even shocking for me to feel that my personality may rub people the wrong way, the fact is they know I will vote against amnesty. O’DONNELL: Turning to Florida’s crowded senate race, Democrats are caught in a class struggle. KENDRICK MEEK: I’m the true candidate for the middle class. O’DONNELL: Miami Congressman Kendrick Meek has moved from long shot to leader in the polls up against self-made billionaire Jeff Greene, who’s glitzy social life gets him attention. The winning Florida Democrat will be in a three-man race in November against Tea Party conservative Marco Rubio and Governor Charlie Crist, who quit the Republican Party to run as an independent. And there’s a cold snap in Alaska’s Republican Senate primary. UNIDENTIFIED MAN: Hi, Senator. How are you? O’DONNELL: Incumbent Lisa Murkowski. LISA MURKOWSKI: I’m not working for the party. I’m working for Alaska. O’DONNELL: And Sarah Palin is working against Murkowski with a Facebook page endorsement of challenger Joe Miller. Palin writes, “Alaskans can trust Joe to not shed his conservative antlers in D.C.” And there’s some history there. Palin defeated Senator Lisa Murkowski’s father when Palin became governor. So there’s been a long rivalry there. And of course it all ties back here. Palin, of course, was here in the spring trying to help out her former running mate, at a time when he looked very vulnerable as one of the incumbents who was being targeted this year. But a lot has changed. Today McCain is the frontrunner with a double-digit lead. Ann? ANN CURRY: Alright Kelly O’Donnell this morning. Kelly thanks. Chuck Todd is NBC’s political director and the chief White House correspondent for NBC News. Chuck, good morning. CHUCK TODD: Good morning, Ann. CURRY: We just heard from Kelly that John McCain is ahead, at least according to the polls, by double digits. But he had to spend like $20 million while his opponent spent just about $3 million. So what does that tell us about what’s going on in Arizona, Chuck? TODD: Well look, John McCain had to do this the old-fashioned way in politics, he’s winning ugly. The $20 million was necessary. He always had about 35 to 40 percent of the Republican conservative electorate down there that wasn’t crazy about him, was upset about him on immigration, on taxes, on a number of issues. And so McCain had to disqualify J.D. Hayworth. And here is what we found out, Ann. As upset as voters are these days about Washington politicians, infomercial hucksters are even worse and that’s what McCain did. He completely disqualified J.D. Hayworth. The big question, Ann, that a lot of people in Washington have is, which John McCain comes back to Washington? Is it this new consistent conservative and is a consistent thorn in the side of President Obama or is it the guy from the early part of this decade who was unpredictable and he didn’t know which side of the aisle he’d come down on a different issue? CURRY: Let’s, let’s talk, move on to Florida. Why should the whole country be paying attention to what’s happening there? TODD: Well look this Democratic Senate primary, it’s kind of nuts, it’s kind of this, but a Kendrick Meek win, by the Miami congressman, means the Democratic establishment cannot flee the Democratic nominee there. They can’t go over to Charlie Crist. And the big picture is this. Florida held up the country on who was gonna be president in 2000. Because we don’t know which way Charlie Crist is gonna vote, if he’s gonna be with the Democrats or the Republicans, on election night if he wins – and there’s no guarantee he’s gonna win, this is gonna be a nutty three-way race, maybe the best campaign in this state since Claude Pepper lost because his sister was a thespian. But what we won’t know is whether, is whether, who’s gonna control the Senate? Charlie Crist could hold that up for weeks. CURRY: On the question of who is gonna control the Senate and actually Washington, are incumbents as weak as we thought they were going to be, Chuck? And what, what is what you’re looking at in terms of these races telling us about the true party of the Tea Party, true power of the Tea Party? TODD: Well look, here’s, here’s what we know. Look incumbents are not getting defeated in these primaries at a clip that a lot of people expected. There’s been a few high-profile exceptions. But the bigger picture is this. Democrats are in deep, deep trouble. The Tea Party has provided an enthusiasm boost to the Republican Party. They are as excited about voting as the Republicans have been since 1994. Democrats have about six weeks to turn this around because if they don’t, they are headed for an historical defeat in November. Losses that could not just include control of the House but also the Senate with or without this, the, what happens with Charlie Crist in Florida. It is that bad right now for Democrats, Ann. CURRY: Alright, on that note we’ve got leave it. Chuck Todd, always a pleasure. Thanks. TODD: You got it.

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NBC’s Chuck Todd Projects ‘Democrats Are In Deep, Deep Trouble’

Unselfishly Unpopular- Unselfish and Exceptional Individuals are often Disliked

If you want to listen to public radio, you have to donate to public radio…or you can of course let others do the donating while you free ride and concentrate on the listening part. In this case, however, you should be warned that free riding is not the most popular of behaviors, and that notorious free riders are generally not welcome in most group contexts. In the real world, whenever it is possible to monitor and sanction behavior, free riders are often expelled from groups, or group benefits are withheld from them. And when given the option in experimental public goods games, people often choose to exclude identified free riders from further participation in group activities also. As I said, free riders are not very popular. However, free riders are far from being the only ones who can be unpopular in public goods settings. Instead, they are surprisingly joined in infamy by those at the very opposite end of the selfishness-unselfishness spectrum; namely those who do not consume the public good, but unselfishly contribute towards its provision anyway! This surprising finding comes from a recent study by Craig Parks and Asako Stone, which shows participants in experimental public goods games to dislike playing with people who contribute beyond what they consume just as much as they dislike playing with those who free ride. The series of experiments, which can be found in this months Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, highlight data on the choice behavior of students made to participate in repeated computerized public goods games against simulated opponents. Not knowing that their opponents were software programs, participants were later provided fake information about the supposed behavior of each of the other group members; in addition to which they were also given the option to expel group members from participation in an upcoming round of the same public goods game. To the surprise of the researchers (who were initially investigating an entirely different phenomenon), participants tended towards playing against those who had contributed in equal proportion to what they were consuming. Both those who had contributed less than they consumed, as well as those who contributed more than they consumed were the most likely to be voted out of the group. To make sure this was not a mere statistical artifact, the researchers repeated similar studies which replicated the finding and added further insight into which processes could be driving the effect.These additional studies suggest that, although sanctions were given to unselfish contributors and free riders alike, the motivation for these sanctions were quite different in both cases: For example, the main reasons participants did not like playing with unselfish contributors seemed to be that a) participants did not like how they themselves compared to unselfish contributors, and b) participants viewed unselfish contributors as “rule breakers” who were not adhering to the “appropriate norms” for the public goods setting. In comparison, free riders were rejected as future playing partners, mostly on grounds of the argument that they were being asocial or “destructive”. As mentioned, the finding comes as somewhat of a surprise, but the researchers see it as fitting nicely with similar research which shows that exceptional individuals are often disliked. For example the authors cite research which shows that we often dislike those who are extremely competent, tend to get upset with those who offer help, and also reject those who succeed in standing their ground on moral issues. So disliking those who unselfishly contribute to our cause might not be that unusual after all. Parks and Stone offer different reasons for their findings, which relate to the different motivations that people report for disliking unselfish group members: “Regarding those who emphasize the social comparative aspect of the benevolent other, there is evidence that, within a group task setting, social comparison tends to induce feelings of inter- personal competition. People feel driven to outdo the group member who is setting the standard. In a setting such as ours, the standard being set by the benevolent other is to give up a considerable amount of personal resources and receive only a small payoff in return. To compete with such a person means that one would need to give even more and take even less, not a very desirable prospect. Removal of this person would eliminate that competitive standard. ..” Regarding those who would sanction unselfish contributors because of perceived norm violations, Parks and Stone offer that, “research on norm deviance shows that antinorm ingroup members are dealt with harshly, because they represent a threat to the stability of the group norm, and that others see removal as an effective method of dealing with the problem. From a norm deviance perspective, then, the benevolent other would look like someone who has the potential to shift the norm away from equity and in an undesirable direction, and an effective way to deal with such a person is to remove him or her from the group.” Remains to say that popularity is – of course – not everything… Main Reference: Craig D. Parks, Asako B. Stone (2010). The Desire to Expel Unselfish Members From the Group Journal of Personality and Social Psychology : DOI: 10.1037/a0018403 added by: animalia_libero