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Voyager 1 Has Outdistanced the Solar Wind

The venerable Voyager spacecraft are truly going where no one has gone before. Voyager 1 has now reached a distant point at the edge of our solar system where it is no longer detecting the solar wind. At a distance of about 17.3 billion km (10.8 billion miles) from the Sun, Voyager 1 has crossed into an area where the velocity of the hot ionized gas, or plasma, emanating directly outward from the sun has slowed to zero. Scientists suspect the solar wind has been turned sideways by the pressure from the interstellar wind in the region between stars. “The solar wind has turned the corner,” said Ed Stone, Voyager project scientist based at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, Calif. “Voyager 1 is getting close to interstellar space.” The event is a major milestone in Voyager 1′s passage through the heliosheath, the turbulent outer shell of the sun’s sphere of influence, and the spacecraft’s upcoming departure from our solar system. Since its launch on Sept. 5, 1977, Voyager 1’s Low-Energy Charged Particle Instrument has been used to measure the solar wind’s velocity. When the speed of the charged particles hitting the outward face of Voyager 1 matched the spacecraft’s speed, researchers knew that the net outward speed of the solar wind was zero. This occurred in June, when Voyager 1 was about 10.6 billion miles from the sun. However, velocities can fluctuate, so the scientists watched four more monthly readings before they were convinced the solar wind’s outward speed actually had slowed to zero. Analysis of the data shows the velocity of the solar wind has steadily slowed at a rate of about 45,000 mph each year since August 2007, when the solar wind was speeding outward at about 130,000 mph. The outward speed has remained at zero since June. “When I realized that we were getting solid zeroes, I was amazed,” said Rob Decker, a Voyager Low-Energy Charged Particle Instrument co-investigator and senior staff scientist at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Md. “Here was Voyager, a spacecraft that has been a workhorse for 33 years, showing us something completely new again.” Scientists believe Voyager 1 has not crossed the heliosheath into interstellar space. Crossing into interstellar space would mean a sudden drop in the density of hot particles and an increase in the density of cold particles. Scientists are putting the data into their models of the heliosphere’s structure and should be able to better estimate when Voyager 1 will reach interstellar space. Researchers currently estimate Voyager 1 will cross that frontier in about four years. Our sun gives off a stream of charged particles that form a bubble known as the heliosphere around our solar system. The solar wind travels at supersonic speed until it crosses a shockwave called the termination shock. At this point, the solar wind dramatically slows down and heats up in the heliosheath. A sister spacecraft, Voyager 2, was launched in Aug. 20, 1977 and has reached a position 8.8 billion miles from the sun. Both spacecraft have been traveling along different trajectories and at different speeds. Voyager 1 is traveling faster, at a speed of about 38,000 mph, compared to Voyager 2′s velocity of 35,000 mph. In the next few years, scientists expect Voyager 2 to encounter the same kind of phenomenon as Voyager 1. The results were presented at the American Geophysical Union meeting in San Francisco. http://www.universetoday.com/81662/voyager-1-has-outdistanced-the-solar-wind/ added by: pjacobs51

CNN Breaking News: Richard Holbrooke, U.S. Special Representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan, Has Died

Richard Holbrooke, U.S. Special Rep. for Afghanistan and Pakistan, has died, a senior administration official confirms. Holbrooke dies days after heart surgery From Jill Dougherty and Elise Labott, CNN December 13, 2010 7:47 p.m. EST U.S. diplomat Richard Holbrooke is “a towering figure in American foreign policy,” President Barack Obama says. Washington (CNN) — U.S. diplomat Richard Holbrooke has died, a senior administration official told CNN Monday evening. Holbrooke had undergone surgery in the past three days to repair a tear in his aorta, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said Monday. “He had a very serious medical emergency on Friday,” Clinton said at a news conference in Quebec, Canada, with foreign ministers from Canada and Mexico. “He has received excellent care including many hours of surgery in the last three days. He is stable but still in very critical condition.” Earlier, a State Department official said Holbrooke was “absolutely fighting in an unbelievable way.” Holbrooke remains unconscious after an additional procedure to aid circulation following the initial surgery on his aorta, the main artery of the body, the State Department said. At a holiday reception for U.S. diplomats later Monday, President Barack Obama praised Holbrooke as “simply one of the giants of American foreign policy” who has served the nation “with distinction for nearly 50 years,” including his work in negotiating the 1995 Dayton Accords that ended the Bosnian war in the former Yugoslavia. “As anyone who has ever worked with him knows — or had the clear disadvantage of negotiating across the table from him — Richard is relentless,” Obama said. “He never stops. He never quits. Because he's always believed that if we stay focused, if we act on our mutual interests, that progress is possible. Wars can end. Peace can be forged.” Holbrooke in critical condition The president said he and his family were praying for Holbrooke's recovery, “and I know that everyone here joins me when I say that America is more secure — and the world is a safer place — because of” his work. “And he is a tough son of a gun, so we are confident that, as hard as this is, that he is going to be putting up a tremendous fight,” Obama said. Holbrooke, the special U.S. representative on Afghanistan and Pakistan, is getting “fantastic care” at George Washington University Hospital, the State Department official said. It is the same hospital where Ronald Reagan was taken after being shot in 1981. Holbrooke was taken there Friday after feeling ill at the State Department. Clinton expressed appreciation for what she called an outpouring of concern and support from “presidents, prime ministers, foreign ministers” who have called the State Department since news of Holbrooke's illness broke. His surgeon continues to meet with the family to gives frequent updates, and Holbrooke “is receiving great support from a broad and growing community of family and friends,” the State Department official said. “It's remarkable how many messages of support (his wife, Kati Marton) and the family keep receiving from all corners: foreign ministers and ambassadors from around the world, President (Bill) Clinton, senators and congressmen, colleagues from this Af/Pak job, from Vietnam, from the Balkans, from the U.N., from the private sector,” the official said. Clinton and Joint Chiefs Chairman Adm. Mike Mullen have visited the hospital numerous times, according to the State Department source, who said: “They've each come three times, informally chatting with family members, friends and staffers, and really helping to buoy the assembled.” The State Department also said Afghan President Hamid Karzai and Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari called Holbrooke's wife Sunday morning. Zardari told CNN's Reza Sayah that Holbrooke is a “fighter.” He said he told Holbrooke's wife to be “brave.” “I'm sure he will fight for his life, and he will come out of it,” Zardari said. Asked to reflect on Holbrooke's impact on the Pakistani region, Zardari called him an “extremely hard-working man” who can “get things done which would otherwise take weeks to get through.” http://www.cnn.com/2010/US/12/13/holbrooke.illness/index.html?hpt=T1&iref=BN… added by: EthicalVegan

10 Tips for Protecting Your Jewelry from Thieves

Keeping valuables safe from potential thieves is one situation that should be considered with much thought. Link : http://www.homealarmmonitoring.org/year/10-tips-for-protecting-your-jewelry-from… added by: AngelAlina

Electronic Cigarettes Still Pose Serious Health Risks

Touted as a safe substitute to highly addictive tobacco products, research has shown that electronic cigarettes are unsafe, and might soon be removed from the market. Last week, the University of California, Riverside announced that e-cigarettes are potentially harmful to users' health, and urged regulators to consider removing e-cigarettes from the market until their safety is adequately evaluated. Instead of burning tobacco like normal cigarettes, e-cigarettes vaporize the nicotine, along with other compounds present in the cartridge, in the form of aerosol created by heating. While this eliminates the thousands of chemicals and toxicants created by tobacco combustion, there are still chemicals present in the aerosolized vapors emanating from e-cigarettes. Concerned that e-cigarettes, also called “electronic nicotine delivery systems,” might not be as safe as they appear, UCR researchers evaluated five of the most popular brands on the market. What They Found: 1. Batteries, atomizers, cartridges, cartridge wrappers, packs and instruction manuals lack important information regarding e-cigarette content, use and essential warnings. 2. E-cigarette cartridges leak, which could expose nicotine, an addictive and dangerous chemical, to children, adults, pets and the environment. 3. There are no methods for proper disposal of e-cigarettes products and accessories, which could result in nicotine contamination from discarded cartridges entering water sources and soil, and adversely impacting the environment. “Some people believe that e-cigarettes are a safe substitute for conventional cigarettes,” said Prue Talbot, the director of UC Riverside's Stem Cell Center, whose lab led the research. “However, there are virtually no scientific studies on e-cigarettes and their safety. Our study – one of the first studies to evaluate e-cigarettes – shows that this product has many flaws, which could cause serious public health problems in the future if the flaws go uncorrected.” http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/early/2010/10/22/tc.2010.037259.abstract added by: Radical_Centrist

WikiLeaks cables: Russia ‘was tracking killers of Alexander Litvinenko but UK warned it off’

The US embassy cables WikiLeaks cables: Russia 'was tracking killers of Alexander Litvinenko but UK warned it off' Claim that British intelligence was incompetent will deepen diplomatic row sparked by move to deport MP's Russian researcher * o o Share o Reddit o Buzz up * Comments (243) * Jamie Doward and Emily Dyer * guardian.co.uk, Saturday 11 December 2010 21.30 GMT * Article history Former Russian Agent Poisoned In London Alexander Litvinenko, in intensive care shortly before his death from poisoning at University College Hospital, London, in 2006. Photograph: Natasja Weitsz/Getty Images Russia was tracking the assassins of dissident spy Alexander Litvinenko before he was poisoned but was warned off by Britain, which said the situation was “under control”, according to claims made in a leaked US diplomatic cable. The secret memo, recording a 2006 meeting between an ex-CIA bureau chief and a former KGB officer, is set to reignite the diplomatic row surrounding Litvinenko's unsolved murder that year, which many espionage experts have linked directly to the Kremlin. The latest WikiLeaks release comes after relations between Moscow and London soured as a result of Britain's decision to expel a Russian parliamentary researcher suspected of being a spy. The memo, written by staff at the US embassy in Paris, records “an amicable 7 December dinner meeting with ambassador-at-large Henry Crumpton [and] Russian special presidential representative Anatoliy Safonov”, two weeks after Litvinenko's death from polonium poisoning had triggered an international hunt for his killers. During the dinner, Crumpton, who ran the CIA's Afghanistan operations before becoming the US ambassador for counter-terrorism, and Safonov, an ex-KGB colonel-general, discussed ways the two countries could work together to tackle terrorism. The memo records that “Safonov opened the meeting by expressing his appreciation for US/Russian co-operative efforts thus far. He cited the recent events in London – specifically the murder of a former Russian spy by exposure to radioactive agents – as evidence of how great the threat remained and how much more there was to do on the co-operative front.” The memo contains an observation from US embassy officials that Safonov's comments suggested Russia “was not involved in the killing, although Safonov did not offer any further explanation”. Later the memo records that Safonov claimed that “Russian authorities in London had known about and followed individuals moving radioactive substances into the city but were told by the British that they were under control before the poisoning took place”. The claim will be rejected in many quarters as a clumsy attempt by Moscow to deflect accusations that its agents were involved in the assassination. Russia says it had nothing to do with the murder, but espionage experts claim the killing would not have been possible without Kremlin backing. Shortly before he died, Litvinenko said he had met two former KGB agents, Dmitry Kovtun and Andrei Lugovoi, on the day he fell ill. Both men deny wrongdoing, but Britain has made a formal request for Lugovoi's extradition following a recommendation by the director of public prosecutions. New evidence linking Russia with the death of Litvinenko was recently produced by his widow, Marina, who procured documents allegedly showing the FSB security service seized a container of polonium in the weeks before the poisoning. Moscow disputes the claims. The allegation that British authorities were monitoring the assassins' progress through London is likely to raise questions about whether Litvinenko was warned his life may have been at risk in the days before he was murdered. Several people familiar with the affair said they thought Safonov's claims implausible, with one saying he had never heard it aired within London intelligence circles before. Nevertheless Safonov's remarks – in effect questioning the competence of Britain's security services – will do little to heal the relationship between London and Moscow. The claims come after Britain announced that Katia Zatuliveter, a 25-year-old Russian working for the Liberal Democrat MP Mike Hancock, is to be deported amid suspicions she was spying for the Kremlin, a charge she plans to contest. Alexander Sternik, charg

Urban Meyer to Florida: See Ya Later, Gators

Filed under: TMZ Sports , Urban Meyer Urban Meyer has just stepped down as the head football coach at the University of Florida … where he won two national championships since he took the job in 2005. It’s unclear why Meyer quit the Florida gig — but his most famous alum, Tim Tebow , is… Read more

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Urban Meyer to Florida: See Ya Later, Gators

Elizabeth Edwards Passes Away at 61

Elizabeth Edwards, a lawyer, best-selling author, mother of three and the wife of two-time presidential candidate John Edwards, died in her North Carolina home. She was 61. Just days after doctors advised her to suspend her cancer treatment , Elizabeth tragically succumbed after battling the disease for over six years. Elizabeth Edwards was surrounded by friends and family in her last days, including John himself. She and John were estranged following the Rielle Hunter scandal. R.I.P. Elizabeth Edwards (1949-2010). Monday, Elizabeth posted what read like a farewell message on her Facebook page reading, “The days of our lives, for all of us, are numbered. We know that.” “And yes, there are certainly times when we aren’t able to muster as much strength and patience as we would like. It’s called being human,”she added. “But I have found that in the simple act of living with hope, and in the daily effort to have a positive impact in the world, the days I do have are made all the more meaningful and precious. And for that, I am grateful.” Elizabeth is survived by a grown daughter, Cate, and two young children, Jack and Emma. Her son Wade died in a car accident at age 16 back in 1996. A graduate of the University of North Carolina Law School, she was her famous husband’s intellectual equal, his chief ideologue and most of all, his rock. Edwards helped remake the role of the political spouse in this era. She was the driving force behind her husband’s rise to the Democratic political elite. As strategist, campaign manager, surrogate and public interpreter for her husband, she earned a nation’s respect – but that respect grew in recent years. John Edwards’ career unraveled as quickly and shockingly after he fathered a love child with Hunter, then lied and possibly illegally tried to cover it up. But Elizabeth’s charm, intelligence and class never wavered, and her willingness to condemn John’s actions and separate from him spoke volumes. Our condolences go out to her children and loved ones.

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Elizabeth Edwards Passes Away at 61

Don Meredith dies at 72

FILE – This Oct. 18, 2008, handout provided by Southern Methodist University shows photos shows former Dallas Cowboys quarterback Don Meredith posing for a photo after the university retired Meredith#39;s jersey during the halftime of the football game against Houston, in Dallas. Meredith, one of the most recognizable figures of the early Dallas Cowboys and an original member of ABC#39;s #39;Monday Night Football#39; broadcast team, died Sunday, Dec. 5, 2010, in New Mexico. He was 72. Don Me

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Don Meredith dies at 72

Holograms Moving From Science Fiction to Reality

—- WHEN the famous hologram of Princess Leia says, “Help me, Obi-Wan Kenobi,” in “Star Wars,” it’s science fiction. Now you can watch actual moving holograms that are filmed in one spot and then projected in another spot. “The hologram is about the size and resolution of Princess Leia in the movie,” said Nasser Peyghambarian, an optical scientist at the University of Arizona and leader of a research team that recently demonstrated the technology, reported in the Nov. 4 issue of Nature. The holograms aren’t as speedy as those in Hollywood. The images move a lot more haltingly, as the display changes only every two seconds, far slower than video sailing past at 30 frames a second. But unlike science fiction, these holograms are actually happening and in close to real time: a fellow is filmed in one room, the computer-processed data is sent via ethernet to another room, and then laser beams go to work. Voil

PETA Offers To Help Kansas Overcome Budget Deficit By Paying For Anti-Fishing Sign

Pisces the constellation. Image credit: Aspin, 1825, via University of Oklahoma “History of Science” exhibit Hoping for a way to sustain the world’s fisheries? PETA has a better idea: end fishing. Immediately on reading the headline ” PETA offers state budget help with anti-fishing sign ,” which was published at State House Live , I thought PETA is like a technical rock climber grabbing for whatever ledge i… Read the full story on TreeHugger

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PETA Offers To Help Kansas Overcome Budget Deficit By Paying For Anti-Fishing Sign