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Unselfishly Unpopular- Unselfish and Exceptional Individuals are often Disliked

If you want to listen to public radio, you have to donate to public radio…or you can of course let others do the donating while you free ride and concentrate on the listening part. In this case, however, you should be warned that free riding is not the most popular of behaviors, and that notorious free riders are generally not welcome in most group contexts. In the real world, whenever it is possible to monitor and sanction behavior, free riders are often expelled from groups, or group benefits are withheld from them. And when given the option in experimental public goods games, people often choose to exclude identified free riders from further participation in group activities also. As I said, free riders are not very popular. However, free riders are far from being the only ones who can be unpopular in public goods settings. Instead, they are surprisingly joined in infamy by those at the very opposite end of the selfishness-unselfishness spectrum; namely those who do not consume the public good, but unselfishly contribute towards its provision anyway! This surprising finding comes from a recent study by Craig Parks and Asako Stone, which shows participants in experimental public goods games to dislike playing with people who contribute beyond what they consume just as much as they dislike playing with those who free ride. The series of experiments, which can be found in this months Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, highlight data on the choice behavior of students made to participate in repeated computerized public goods games against simulated opponents. Not knowing that their opponents were software programs, participants were later provided fake information about the supposed behavior of each of the other group members; in addition to which they were also given the option to expel group members from participation in an upcoming round of the same public goods game. To the surprise of the researchers (who were initially investigating an entirely different phenomenon), participants tended towards playing against those who had contributed in equal proportion to what they were consuming. Both those who had contributed less than they consumed, as well as those who contributed more than they consumed were the most likely to be voted out of the group. To make sure this was not a mere statistical artifact, the researchers repeated similar studies which replicated the finding and added further insight into which processes could be driving the effect.These additional studies suggest that, although sanctions were given to unselfish contributors and free riders alike, the motivation for these sanctions were quite different in both cases: For example, the main reasons participants did not like playing with unselfish contributors seemed to be that a) participants did not like how they themselves compared to unselfish contributors, and b) participants viewed unselfish contributors as “rule breakers” who were not adhering to the “appropriate norms” for the public goods setting. In comparison, free riders were rejected as future playing partners, mostly on grounds of the argument that they were being asocial or “destructive”. As mentioned, the finding comes as somewhat of a surprise, but the researchers see it as fitting nicely with similar research which shows that exceptional individuals are often disliked. For example the authors cite research which shows that we often dislike those who are extremely competent, tend to get upset with those who offer help, and also reject those who succeed in standing their ground on moral issues. So disliking those who unselfishly contribute to our cause might not be that unusual after all. Parks and Stone offer different reasons for their findings, which relate to the different motivations that people report for disliking unselfish group members: “Regarding those who emphasize the social comparative aspect of the benevolent other, there is evidence that, within a group task setting, social comparison tends to induce feelings of inter- personal competition. People feel driven to outdo the group member who is setting the standard. In a setting such as ours, the standard being set by the benevolent other is to give up a considerable amount of personal resources and receive only a small payoff in return. To compete with such a person means that one would need to give even more and take even less, not a very desirable prospect. Removal of this person would eliminate that competitive standard. ..” Regarding those who would sanction unselfish contributors because of perceived norm violations, Parks and Stone offer that, “research on norm deviance shows that antinorm ingroup members are dealt with harshly, because they represent a threat to the stability of the group norm, and that others see removal as an effective method of dealing with the problem. From a norm deviance perspective, then, the benevolent other would look like someone who has the potential to shift the norm away from equity and in an undesirable direction, and an effective way to deal with such a person is to remove him or her from the group.” Remains to say that popularity is – of course – not everything… Main Reference: Craig D. Parks, Asako B. Stone (2010). The Desire to Expel Unselfish Members From the Group Journal of Personality and Social Psychology : DOI: 10.1037/a0018403 added by: animalia_libero

Newt Gingrich, the spiritual leader of the GOP is exposed as a fraud by his second wife, Marianne | Crooks and Liars

We all kind of knew this about old Newt, didn't we! added by: kennymotown

Response – Homosexuality is an Abomination

Well if it says it in books it much be true. In her radio show, Dr Laura Schlesinger said that, as an observant Orthodox Jew, homosexuality is an abomination according to Leviticus 18:22, and cannot be condoned under any circumstance. The following response is an open letter to Dr. Laura, written by a US man, and posted on the Internet. Funny stuff. Dear Dr. Laura: Thank you for doing so much to educate people regarding God's Law. I have learned a great deal from your show, and try to share that knowledge with as many people as I can. When someone tries to defend the homosexual lifestyle, for example, I simply remind them that Leviticus 18:22 clearly states it to be an abomination … End of debate. I do need some advice from you, however, regarding some other elements of God's Laws and how to follow them. 1. Leviticus 25:44 states that I may possess slaves, both male and female, provided they are from neighboring nations. A friend of mine claims that this applies to Mexicans, but not Canadians. Can you clarify? Why can't I own Canadians? 2. I would like to sell my daughter into slavery, as sanctioned in Exodus 21:7. In this day and age, what do you think would be a fair price for her? 3. I know that I am allowed no contact with a woman while she is in her period of Menstrual uncleanliness – Lev.15: 19-24. The problem is how do I tell? I have tried asking, but most women take offense. 4. When I burn a bull on the altar as a sacrifice, I know it creates a pleasing odor for the Lord – Lev.1:9. The problem is my neighbors. They claim the odor is not pleasing to them. Should I smite them? 5. I have a neighbor who insists on working on the Sabbath. Exodus 35:2 clearly states he should be put to death. Am I morally obligated to kill him myself, or should I ask the police to do it? 6. A friend of mine feels that even though eating shellfish is an abomination, Lev. 11:10, it is a lesser abomination than homosexuality. I don't agree. Can you settle this? Are there 'degrees' of abomination? 7. Lev. 21:20 states that I may not approach the altar of God if I have a defect in my sight. I have to admit that I wear reading glasses. Does my vision have to be 20/20, or is there some wiggle-room here? 8. Most of my male friends get their hair trimmed, including the hair around their temples, even though this is expressly forbidden by Lev. 19:27. How should they die? 9. I know from Lev. 11:6-8 that touching the skin of a dead pig makes me unclean, but may I still play football if I wear gloves? 10. My uncle has a farm. He violates Lev.19:19 by planting two different crops in the same field, as does his wife by wearing garments made of two different kinds of thread (cotton/polyester blend). He also tends to curse and blaspheme a lot. Is it really necessary that we go to all the trouble of getting the whole town together to stone them? Lev.24:10-16. Couldn't we just burn them to death at a private family affair, like we do with people who sleep with their in-laws? (Lev. 20:14) I know you have studied these things extensively and thus enjoy considerable expertise in such matters, so I'm confident you can help. Thank you again for reminding us that God's word is eternal and unchanging. Your adoring fan. James M. Kauffman, Ed.D. Professor Emeritus, Dept. Of Curriculum, Instruction, and Special Education University of Virginia PS (It would be a damn shame if we couldn't own a Canadian) added by: SageRockandRoll

Biden’s ‘The View’ Interview Tougher Than Obama’s, But Why?

Although there are few tough interviews on ABC’s “The View” – this was an exception to the rule – Vice President Joe Biden received a surprisingly more serious reception than did President Obama on the daytime celebrity show. He even had a snide remark for Whoopi Goldberg about high taxes for the wealthy. As Newsbusters reported , President Obama’s interview was essentially a rousing festival of praise for the administration and Obama’s family. By contrast, Vice President Biden’s interview, although by no means tough, was missing the slew of softball questions that Obama enjoyed. There were even some awkward exchanges between Biden and co-hosts Barbara Walters and Whoopi Goldberg, on the issues of foreign policy and taxes, respectively. While the show’s hosts continually fawned over President Obama, token conservative co-host Elisabeth Hasselbeck soon brought up Biden’s infamous F-bomb gaffe at the health care bill’s signing. Sherri Shepherd followed up by asking about the administration’s answers for angry Tea Partiers, and Whoopi Goldberg then pressed about the problem of high taxes. Biden quipped, “You have a lot of money, that’s why it bothers you,” before assuring Goldberg that he was kidding. That didn’t suffice for the comedian and actress, who continued to press the issue. “People do assume – they see somebody and say ‘They have a lot of money, so take it from them,'” Goldberg pointed out. “But no one says, ‘Well what are they doing with their money, and how are they working? Are they taking care of their family?'” “If we’re going to start talking about a national sales tax, on top of everything else, what taxes can you guys remove?” and exasperated Goldberg demanded of Biden. “I think that they’re worried, too, about how [their money] is being spent,” Hasselbeck remarked about Americans frustrated with the administration. “I think that’s a main issue, not just how it’s being taxed, but how it’s being spent, and it’s astronomical right now.” Veteran journalist Barbara Walters later pressed the Vice President on foreign policy, resulting in another mildly tense exchange. You can view the questions for President Obama’s interview on “The View” here , and compare it with Vice President Biden’s questions, which are listed below: ABC THE VIEW 8/9/10 11:23 a.m.-11:49 a.m. EDT JOY BEHAR: I was wondering, why did Dick Cheney never want to come on? Was it something I said? … BARBARA WALTERS: Mr. Vice President, you have the second most powerful job in the country, and I’m going to ask you a very simple question that may sound like a very simple question. But most people have no idea what the Vice President does except for ceremonial things. Vice President JOE BIDEN: (Unintelligible) (Laughter) WALTERS: Well, that’s why I asked. You know, you break the tie in the Senate, but do you have any power, I mean, what do you do every day? … ELISABETH HASSELBECK: You mentioned relationship with the President, and it obviously is very good, too. You know, it’s – he’s been in the past talking about words, you know, he’s told us that there are certain words that, as America, we should kind of stay away from. The “War on Terror,” “radical Islam,” etc. You get up there, health care bill signed, and you throw the F-bomb, and I’m thinking “Oh man! That might be one we shouldn’t say, too!” (Laughter) So were you surprised that you got the pass from him on that? (Laughter) BIDEN: I was just thankful my mother couldn’t hear or see it. And it was a little embarrassing. JOY BEHAR: Did you realize there was a microphone? … BEHAR: You know, there seems to be a lack of decorum in politics these days. (Laughter) You know, somebody yells out “You lie!”, another person calls Stupak a “baby killer,” and then there was a thing out of your office, Rahm Emanuel, saying that these liberal guys were a bunch of “retards,” my quotes are there. What is going on? And is it dangerous, and is it different? SHERRI SHEPHERD: Well what about the – you know, we have these Tea Party – the Tea Party people now, they’re protesting big government, health care, uh, spending — WHOOPI GOLDBERG: Taxes – SHEPHERD: And your administration – taxes – is saying that they’re these far right lunatics. I mean, why haven’t you addressed any of their – BIDEN: Well by the way, the President and I haven’t said they’re far right lunatics. Look, I think there’s an awful lot of people out there are frightened and scared. It’s a very difficult time. I travel all over the country, I’ve been in over 60 cities, people have lost their jobs, they’re unsure if they’re going to keep their homes, they’re not sure that the jobs they have they’ll keep, can I get my kid back to college, etc.? And they’re very worried. There’s fringes in every outfit. But the vast majority of these people, I think, are just frustrated. And what they don’t get yet, and I understand it, is they’re going to see that we’ve spent our time cutting taxes. We’ve given the largest tax cut in the history of America to middle class people. We’re actually paying for what we do. GOLDBERG: Okay. I like the idea of that. But when you look at how much taxation is going on in this country, you know, I ‘ve been crutching about this from the beginning. Because I don’t mind paying taxes. BIDEN: You have a lot of money, that’s why it bothers you. (Laughter) I’m joking. (Crosstalk) GOLDBERG: Here’s the interesting thing. You may see somebody, and people do assume – they see somebody and say they have a lot of money, so take it from them. But no one says, well what are they doing with their money, and how are they working? Are they taking care of their family? Are they doing – so now, if we’re going to start talking about a national sales tax, on top of everything else, what taxes can you guys remove? BIDEN: Well by – we aren’t talking about that. WALTERS: The President is. BIDEN: No, the President said he was open to listening about that. Look, we’ve set up a commission, a fiscal commission that is designed bipartisan, that is going to report after November elections back to us to say that “This is what we recommend is how to get control of the long-term deficit. And the President said everything’s on the table, everything’s on the table, from cuts, to even considering revenues. And so look, here’s the deal. The question is nobody likes taxes. Nobody likes paying taxes. And I don’t blame them. The question is, who deserves the biggest break right now?  From 2000-2007, the middle class lost ground in America. They lost ground. For the first time since 1929, you had one percent of the people making 23.5 percent of all the income. GOLDBERG: Then why not hit – and I know this must be crazy – but you know, the communications taxes, you look on the phone bill – we are being taxed within an inch of our butt. Why can’t we get some relief from those folk – people don’t mind paying the federal and the state. HASSELBECK: I think that they’re worried too about how it’s being spent. I think that’s a main issue, not just how it’s being taxed, but how it’s being spent, and it’s astronomical right now. …     BEHAR: Before we go any further, I must ask you – what is the appeal of Sarah Palin, exactly, do you think? … HASSELBECK: Is [Palin] something that the administration’s eyeing in 2-12? Or is she someone that they consider to be a legitimate threat again? … WALTERS: Can I ask some foreign policy questions, okay? While we’re at it? Because there’s some important things. Last week Defense Secretary Robert Gates said the administration does not have an adequate plan to stop Iran from developing nuclear weapons. The whole world is worrying about this. Why don’t we have a plan? BIDEN: Barbara, we do have a plan, and look, if, as the secretary said, when that, a reference to that memo was leaked. It was inaccurate, what was said, it does not reflect what the memo said, I’ve read the memo, I know the memo. We have, from the day we – actually before we took office, before we took office, one of the first things we did in putting together our national security team, was come up with a game plan as to how to deal with Iraq’s – I mean Iran’s – effort to get a nuclear weapon. We have clearly known exactly what we were doing, and – WALTERS: Sanctions are not working. BIDEN: No, no, no. Sanctions – WALTERS: But you have China doesn’t want to agree to have sanctions – BIDEN: China will agree to sanctions. There will in fact be – this is the first time the entire world is unified that Iran is out of bounds. You have a – they’re more isolated than they have ever been. They are more isolated with their own people, they are more isolated externally, they are more isolated in the region – WALTERS: So is the next step sanctions? BIDEN: The next step is sanctions. WALTERS: And if they don’t work?          BIDEN: I’m not going to speculate beyond that. It’s not appropriate to do that. … WALTERS: Also the Israelis are debating now whether they should attack themselves, without U.S. permission – attack Iran without U.S. permission. If they decided to do that, what are your thoughts? … HASSELBECK: You know, I was reading, growing up they called you “Joe Impedimenta,” is that correct, because of a stutter that you had? I mean, so many people do struggle with that. Exactly how did you overcome it over the years? … WALTERS: And you still today, you work with the American Institute of Stuttering, I just want to mention that – … SHEPHERD: One thing you’re not embarrassed about, which is so great. You’ve been married for 32 years to your wife Jill. But – I love it, because – you asked Jill five times, five times to marry you. When she said no the other four, what made you keep asking? … WALTERS: Why didn’t [Jill] want you? … HASSELBECK: A lot of people are in love with you, Mr. Vice President. Truly, you’re a pretty cool guy, I have to say. I mean, we don’t sit on the same side of the political aisle, but it’s good to share the sofa!  We’re so thankful that you are here. Thanks to the Vice President, and we’ll be right back.

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Biden’s ‘The View’ Interview Tougher Than Obama’s, But Why?

Train — Our Song was ‘Positive’ for Sheen

Filed under: Charlie Sheen , Brooke Mueller , Patrick Monahan , Celebrity Justice The singer from Train claims he’s happy Charlie Sheen and his daughter could bond over their hit ” Drops of Jupiter ” — even though Sheen told cops the song played a role in the Christmas Day domestic dispute with his wife. Patrick Monahan ( right )… Read more

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Train — Our Song was ‘Positive’ for Sheen

Penny Lancaster and Rod Stewart

Rod Stewart, 65, has five other children from previous relationships, in addition to a 4-year-old son, Alastair, with Penny Lancaster, 39. Congrats are in order for Rod Stewart: The rock legend and father of six – who said last fall that he was hoping for one more child – and his wife, Penny Lancaster, are expecting a baby. “We were thrilled and delighted to be able to tell Alastair that he was going to be the big brother to a little baby, expected just before Mummy#39;s 40th birthday,” the co

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Penny Lancaster and Rod Stewart

Jeff Gordon wife Ingrid Vandebosch

Jeff Gordon and his wife Ingrid Vandebosch, both 39, welcomed son Leo Benjamin on Monday at 8:53 a.m. He weighed 7 lbs, 2 oz., and measured 19 inches long. Jeff Gordon is racing toward an even bigger, happier family: The NASCAR star is now the father of two. “He#39;s happy and healthy, and Mom is doing great,” Gordon writes on his official Web site where he announced the news. Baby Leo joins big sister Ella Sofia, 3. After sharing the news about his growing family in February, Gordon and Van

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Jeff Gordon wife Ingrid Vandebosch

Report: Charlie Sheen Tossed Brooke Mueller Around "Like a Rag Doll," Actor Blames Attack on Train Single

Last week, Charlie Sheen was sentenced to 30 days in rehab for his infamous Christmas Day fight with Brooke Mueller. But it’s clear this actor belongs behind bars. According to a newly-released police report, the December 2009 attack – in which Sheen allegedly held a knife to his wife’s throat – wasn’t the first time these two got into it physically. Both Sheen and Mueller confirmed to officers on the scene that day that Brooke had suffered head trauma during an incident a couple months earlier. The two sides disagree on whether that injury was inflicted intentionally, however. Wrote Officer Rick Magnuson: “I asked [Sheen] if he ever harmed Mueller in the past. [Sheen] stated that approximately two months ago, in California, Mueller accused him of sleeping with prostitutes. [Sheen] stated that he denied this allegation, which escalated into a ‘huge fight.’ He added that when Mueller attempted to leave the argument, he grabbed her by the wrist, causing her to fall to the ground.” The Two and a Half Men star acknowledges Mueller sought medical treatment at the time, but claims he was acting to simply restrain his wife when the accident occurred. But Brooke told a different story. When Magnuson questioned Mueller about the fall 2009 fight, she got “upset,” he wrote in his report, adding that neither side contacted authorities to report this altercation. “She was very adamant that [Sheen] intentionally hurt her by throwing her to the ground, like a ‘rag doll.’” What does the band Train have to do with any of this? According to Sheen, it was the popular single “Drops of Jupiter” that contributed to the Christmas Day fracas. He told police at his home that he and his daughter “share an affinity for both astronomy” and the Train song. Mueller took exception to this, allegedly, growing irate and jealous and asking why Charlie has a tune he shared with his daughter, but not one with her. Now, with the couple living apart and divorce likely imminent , the questions remain: Did the wind sweep them off their feet? Did they finally get the chance to dance along the light of day and head back toward the Milky Way? And do they miss each other while looking for themselves out there?

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Report: Charlie Sheen Tossed Brooke Mueller Around "Like a Rag Doll," Actor Blames Attack on Train Single

Simon Cowell — Just a Little Off the Sides

Filed under: Simon Cowell , Paparazzi Photo , Hot Bodies Former ” American Idol ” judge Simon Cowell is really smooth … on the sides of his stomach. The buxom 50-year-old showed off his interestingly manscaped torso in the south of France this weekend. Very trim.

Charlie Sheen — ‘Train’ Song Sparked Aspen Fight

Filed under: Charlie Sheen , Celebrity Justice , Music , Brooke Mueller Charlie Sheen claims the infamous Christmas Day incident with his wife Brooke Mueller all started after she learned that Charlie and one of his daughters shared “an affinity” for a song by the band Train , this according to new legal documents obtained… Read more

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Charlie Sheen — ‘Train’ Song Sparked Aspen Fight