Tag Archives: chile

Longstanding Cepheid Mass Mystery Finally Solved

Cepheid variable stars – a class of stars that vary in brightness over time – have long been used to help measure distances in our local region of the Universe. Since their discovery in 1784 by John Pigott, further refinements have been made about the relationship between the period of their variability and their luminosity, and Cepheids have been closely studied and monitored by professional and amateur astronomers. But as predictable as their periodic pulsations have become, a key aspect of Cepheid variables has never been well-understood: their mass. Two different theories – stellar evolution and stellar pulsation – have given different answers as to the masses that these stars should be. What has long been needed to correct this error was a system of eclipsing binary stars that contained a Cepheid, so that the orbital calculations could yield the mass of the star to a high degree of accuracy. Such a system has finally been discovered, and the mass of the Cepheid it contains has been calculated to within 1%, effectively ending a discrepancy that has persisted since the 1960s. The system, named OGLE-LMC-CEP0227, contains a classical Cepheid variable (as opposed to a Type II Cepheid, which is of lower mass and takes a different evolutionary track) that varies over 3.8 days. It is located in the Large Magellanic Cloud, and as the stars orbit each other over a period of 310 days, they eclipse each other from our perspective on Earth. It was detected as part of the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment, and you can see from the acronym soup that this yields the first part of the name, the Large Magellanic Cloud the second, and CEP stands for Cepheid. A team of international astronomers headed by Grzegorz Pietrzynski of Universidad de Concepci

Anti- Bullying Week: Boys tease girl for having Star Wars bottle

“November 15-19 is Anti-Bullying Week at the schools. Like so many others, I have been reading with dismay about the recent victims of bullying, and I ache inside for the pain these young people have experienced. I have often thought of bullying as a problem that faces children older than mine, but a recent conversation with my first grader has given me pause. Maybe it starts right here, right now with our little ones. At summer's end, Katie and I went to Target to pick out her backpack, lunchbox and water bottle for the new school year. After great deliberation, she chose a Star Wars water bottle to match her Star Wars backpack. Katie loves Star Wars, and she was very excited about her new items. For the first few months of school, she proudly filled her water bottle herself and helped me pack her lunch each morning. But a week ago, as we were packing her lunch…” Those boys must've been sith sympathizers. added by: Agent_Alpha

First Planet Found Beyond Our Galaxy

A New Planet — from Beyond the Galaxy Read more: http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,2032054,00.html#ixzz15hGdcBa9 By Michael D. Lemonick Thursday, Nov. 18, 2010 Picture: This artist's impression shows HIP 13044 b, an exoplanet orbiting a star that entered our galaxy, the Milky Way, from another galaxy. AFP / Getty Images Read more: http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,2032054,00.html#ixzz15hH2S4xq Billions of years before the Sun was born, the Milky Way galaxy flicked out its gravitational tongue and slurped down a tiny neighboring galaxy that had ventured too close. The evidence for that ancient act of cosmic cannibalism is the still-digesting remains of the meal: a handful of relatively nearby stars known as the Helmi Stream, whose weird orbits — above and below the plain of the galaxy — are a tipoff to their weird origin. Now one of those stars has a second claim to fame. HIP 13044, as it's unglamorously known, has a planet whirling around it — the first planet ever found from outside the Milky Way. Aside from its extra-galactic origin, the planet itself, found with a medium-size telescope at the European Southern Observatory in Chile, and described in a new paper in Science, isn't especially remarkable. It's a bit bigger than Jupiter and orbits its parent star in about 16 days — a “year” so short it would once have been considered impossible for so giant a planet, until multiple discoveries of many similar worlds proved such a revolution rate to be pretty common. (See pictures of the labor of space exploration.) It's the star itself that makes the discovery of a planet surprising, for a couple of reasons. For one thing, its age — perhaps 7 or 8 billion years — means that while HIP 13044 was once much like the Sun, it's gone through a dramatic change of life. As it burned through its supply of hydrogen, the star would have swelled to become a so-called red giant, tens, or even hundreds of times its original size. When that happens to our Sun billions of years from now, Earth will probably be destroyed. Indeed, there's some circumstantial evidence that HIP 13044 may have gulped down a few planets itself, says the paper's lead author Johny Setiawan, of Germany's Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, in Heidelberg. “The star is a fast rotator,” he says, “and theory predicts that if a star swallows a planet its rotation rate should increase.” But the new planet, called HIP 13044b, survived the cataclysm. That's probably because the Jupiter-size world originally occupied a Jupiter-like orbit, much farther from its star than Earth is from the Sun. It spiraled in to its present orbit only after HIP 13044 shrank back to a more dignified size — another common stage of life for stars, which return to their original dimensions when they start burning the helium in their core. A tiny handful of planets have been seen orbiting stars that are currently red giants, but this is the first to be found in the next chapter of a star's life. (See pictures of Russia's cosmonaut training center.) The other thing that makes the star unusual is its composition. The Sun is mostly hydrogen and helium, but it also has significant traces of heavier elements like oxygen, carbon and iron, a quality astronomers call “metallicity” despite the non–metallic nature of some of those elements. “In the Milky Way,” says Setiawan, “the more metals a star has, the more likely it is to have planets.” The reason for that is simple: both stars and planets coalesce out of the same vast pool of dust and gas. The higher the metallicity, the bigger the supply of building material and the likelier that some will be left over to form planets. Dwarf galaxies like the one in which HIP 13044 was born, however — and like the two dozen or so that still orbit the Milky Way — have stars that are notably metal-poor. It was unclear until now whether that meant they'd also be planet-poor. The fact that Setiawan and his colleague Rainer Klement, also of the Max Planck Institute, found one so easily suggests this isn't the case. “Either they were incredibly lucky,” says Eric Ford, a planet-searcher at the University of Florida, “or planets aren't uncommon around stars like these.” Whatever the answer, HIP 13044b is clearly a very different world from any we've seen before, one that — without the aid of celestial metals — formed in a very different way. And that in turn suggests that the field of planetary science, which seemed so tidy and settled as recently as the 1990s, is still full of surprises. added by: EthicalVegan

"Natural Disasters Will Accelerate" With Climate Change: Bill Clinton

Photo via Candid Cane The 2010 Clinton Global Initiative is in full swing, with business, heads of state, and nonprofit groups joining forces to forge philanthropic programs of every stripe. Last year’s event, which I covered as well, focused largely on energy and female empowerment. This year’s meeting has aptly skewed towards addressing disaster relief, especially natural disasters. Apt because this year has been chock full of tragic natural disasters — from the floods in Pakistan to the earthquakes in Haiti and Chile, to the heatwa… Read the full story on TreeHugger

See the article here:
"Natural Disasters Will Accelerate" With Climate Change: Bill Clinton

Artisanal Fishermen Given Exclusive Fishing Zones in Chile to Help Rebuild Fisheries

photo: Vera & Jean-Christophe via flickr Overfishing is (unfortunately) a perennial TreeHugger topic, but here’s a new take on how to prevent it: As Physorg reports, Chile has designated exclusive fishing zones for small-scale ‘artisanal’ fishermen, excluding industrial fishing fleets and giving the big guys there own exclusive areas. A new study in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences explains how that arrangement… Read the full story on TreeHugger

See the original post here:
Artisanal Fishermen Given Exclusive Fishing Zones in Chile to Help Rebuild Fisheries

Five Penguin Species Added to Endangered List

The Humboldt penguin, native to Peru and Chile, was one of the species to acquire Endangered Species Act protection. Image credit: Wikimedia Commons After years of review and consideration , five penguin species—one native to South America and four others native to New Zealand—will receive U.S. Endangered Species Act protections. Though the new designations will aid conservationists struggling to protect the penguins, the decision fell short of the petitioners’ ultimate goal…. Read the full story on TreeHugger

View post:
Five Penguin Species Added to Endangered List

On PBS, Oliver Stone Loved Hugo Chavez Calling Dubya the ‘Devil’: ‘It’s True’

Here’s another slightly dated example of leftist America-bashing on the taxpayer-funded airwaves over the patriotic holiday weekend. PBS talk-show host Tavis Smiley interviewed leftist director Oliver Stone on July 2 about his Hugo Chavez-smooching documentary South of the Border. Stone denounced Hillary Clinton as “an agent of the old empire game,” and when Smiley nudged Stone about Chavez’s remarks, Stone insisted he loved it when Chavez called Bush the Devil: “I think that’s a great comment. I think it’s true….He is the devil. He was.” Smiley didn’t simply celebrate Stone (as he did, with say, Van Jones, boldly professing he would take a bullet for Jones ), but he was gentle in bringing up some hard questions. He suggested he didn’t really want to dwell on the Bush-as-Satan stuff: SMILEY: If I’d wanted to, I could have done this. I didn’t want to waste our time doing it, but because the stuff is so easily found all over the internet – you know where I’m going with this. You know, on the regular, there are statements made by Chavez that cause people in this country to shudder, all kinds of things, about everything that Chavez – as you know, he’s not shy about speaking his mind. So he has made all kinds of comments about all kinds of things. None of those statements give you reason to believe that he’s gone a bit off the range? STONE: No, no. Listen, I was with him not too long ago. I was with him in 2007 and 2009. I mean, he’s under attack, but he’s a free man and I think sometimes he speaks without perhaps – he’s a big bear of a man. He’s gruff, you know, and he sometimes speaks off the cuff. He is a popular leader, but he serves the people. He’s not corrupt in any way. I find him a free soul. SMILEY: Off the cuff remarks, off the wall remarks, two different things. You think they’re off the cuff, not off the wall? STONE: Well, I don’t know which ones you’re referring to. I mean, if he’s calling Bush – “the Devil was here yesterday” – you know, I think that’s a great comment. I think it’s true. I mean, at that point, Bush was going to war in Iraq against the wishes of the majority of the United Nations. By the way, as somebody has pointed out, Chavez at the U.N. that day got the most longest applause of anybody there at the entire sessions. It’s quite something. So North America has made a big issue of everything he says, but, you know, Bush is the one who started the war. The coup d’etat of 2002, you know, was initiated by the Venezuelan oligarchy and supported and abetted by the U.S. and we make that very clear in the film. SMILEY: I’ll recall that comment about Bush as long as I live. As you may have heard – STONE: – Well, he is the devil. He was. Smiley deserves some credit for questioning around the edges about Chavez’s dictatorial tendencies, even as Stone denied it all as ridiculous. When Smiley asked whether Obama was different than Bush, he complained it was “Bush lite,” and knocked Hillary Clinton: You know, Hillary was down there a few weeks ago and there she was trying to separate Ecuador from Venezuela. She’s an agent of the old empire game. It’s a dead end for us. We keep overreaching. We want to control anybody who steps out of line, which is a regional power…. We are saying – basically, you know what it is? The pact for the New American Century, remember from the 1990s, when Bush and Rumsfeld, Cheney and Wolfowitz, wrote that pact about the American unilateral control of the world. We will brook the appearance. We will not allow for the emergence or any military or economic rival. I went into that in the W film I did on Bush. This is our policy and, whatever Obama says, this is what he’s pursuing in Afghanistan. There’s been no real change in that policy. We have our empire; we are number one. We are the world’s policemen and we will not brook an interference in that. The tone is lighter; the words are lighter, but it’s a soft power. It’s not strictly anti-American to knock President Bush or Hillary Clinton, but Stone had a more generic critique of “our empire,” and overall American arrogance in global affairs: STONE: The U.S. has knocked off so many reformers over the last hundred years, but they’ve all emerged independently. Except for Castro, they all went down, every single one from Guatemala, Panama, Brazil, Chile, constantly. This is the first time we have not been able to do anything. Hopefully, this is going to stay stable, but right now we’re fighting actively to get rid of them. SMILEY: You’re not naive, obviously. You like shaking things up, don’t you? STONE: No, I like – SMILEY: Yeah, you do. Come on. STONE: If I were, I’d be more political. I’d be more overt. SMILEY: This isn’t political and overt? STONE: Well, I like making movies. I love feature movies, as you know, but documentaries are fresh and they keep me humble and they keep me in the field. If I can contribute a little light to the worldwide cause and alert people in our country as to what our empire is really doing , I think I’d be doing some good in my life.

More here:
On PBS, Oliver Stone Loved Hugo Chavez Calling Dubya the ‘Devil’: ‘It’s True’

Honduras vs Chile, Score FIFA World CUP 2010 | Fatmywallet Blogme

Honduras vs Chile, Score FIFA World CUP 2010 . Chile managed to pick up three points after a 1-0 win against Honduras in the early game. This is Chile’s first victory since 1962. In the match held at the Mbombela Stadium, Nelspruit, …

View post:
Honduras vs Chile, Score FIFA World CUP 2010 | Fatmywallet Blogme

Watch FIFA World Cup 2010 Live Stream Online 16th June Update …

Today’s live World Cup 2010 action online will begin with the first match between Chile vs Honduras. The South Americans are heavily favoured here to start their campaign with a win , as Honduras did not arrive in South Africa with a …

Read the original post:
Watch FIFA World Cup 2010 Live Stream Online 16th June Update …

Honduras vs. Chile FIFA World Cup 2010 Live Scores and Results …

Honduras vs. Chile Live World Cup 2010 Scores and Results -The first football match between Honduras and Chile held at Mbombela Stadium in Nelspruit was. … It was a long wait for Chile to finally win a World Cup finals since its last victory was 48 years ago. That World Cup victory happened in 1962 when Chile won 13 football matches, held a draw with Spain and Northern Ireland but unfortunately defeated by Yugoslavia to finish third place. Unlike with most of the World …

Excerpt from:
Honduras vs. Chile FIFA World Cup 2010 Live Scores and Results …