Tag Archives: the-researchers

Digital Racism: New Study Finds That Officials Are Less Likely To Respond To E-Mails From Black-Sounding Names

Study Says E-Mails From Black Users Receive Fewer Responses Researchers have discovered yet another area where Blackness is discriminated against. As it turns out, even our emails aren’t seen as worth the time it took to write them, if the recipient suspects that the name in the address sounds like that of a Black person. A new study from the Institute for the Study of Labour in Bonn, Germany has found that emails coming from users presumably African American names are less likely to receive any response from public service authorities than those coming from users with more generic, “white-sounding” names. The “Black” e-mails were also less likely to receive a response with a cordial tone, or to be addressed by name or even with a simple respectful salutation such as ‘hello’ or ‘dear’ than those with white names attached. The study was conducted with two “white names” – Jake Mueller and Greg Walsh – and two names that sound more African-Americans – DeShawn Jackson and Tyrone Washington. Over a two week period, the researchers sent 19,079 emails to local government offices — school authorities, libraries, sheriff offices, treasurers, job centers and country clerks — all across the US. The emails signed by the white names received a response 72% of the time, while the ones from with black-sounding names received responses in only 68% of cases. Unsurprisingly, Sheriffs’ offices were the most dismissive of emails from black-sounding names, with those 7% less likely to receive a response than those from white people. Researchers said they found a ‘significant racial gap’ in all four regions of the US they tested – north-east, mid-west, south and west – although some states were worse than others. Dr. Corrado Giulietti, one of the authors of the study, said that this is clearly one of the many reasons that African-Americans face inequalities. Via MailOnline : “Local services constitute the majority of interactions between government institutions and citizens and perform central functions, for instance in education. The discriminatory attitude that our study uncovers could be one of the factors behind the disadvantaged position of black people in American society and could be a major obstacle towards addressing racial inequality.” Well, this is something we could have guessed. What do YOU think of the study’s findings??

Originally posted here:
Digital Racism: New Study Finds That Officials Are Less Likely To Respond To E-Mails From Black-Sounding Names

New Study Shows That Cheating Husbands Suffer More Penile Fractures For “Doing Sex” In Weird Places

They do studies on anything these days: Affairs may do more than break hearts — they may break penises as well, a new study says. Sex outside marriage, and sex that occurs under out-of-the-norm circumstances, may increase the risk of penile fractures, said study researcher said Dr. Andrew Kramer, a urologist at the University of Maryland Medical Center. The heightened risk appears to be due to the unconventional situations, and consequently, locations, surrounding sexual acts, the researchers said. Men in the study who had suffered penis fractures commonly were having sex in unusual settings, including in restrooms or at work, when the injury occurred. The majority were having extramarital affairs. In such atypical situations, sex may be rushed and involve unusual or awkward sexual positions, Kramer said. “All these factors could make the man less able to protect his penis from an unexpected sudden downward thrust leading to the fracture,” Kramer said. A penile facture, or “broken penis,” is an injury that occurs to the erect penis. There are no bones in the penis; the “fracture” refers to tearing or laceration of a fibrous membrane called the tunica albuginea, which surrounds the spongy tissue in the center of the penis. A “fracture” is followed by hemorrhaging, swelling and loss of erection. While previous research has focused on the physiological mechanism of the facture, and how to surgically treat it, no study has looked at exactly what men were doing when they broke their penises. Kramer’s study aimed to fill this gap. Kramer studied 16 cases of penile fractures treated at the University of Maryland Hospital between 2004 and 2011. He reported the findings in the Journal of Sexual Medicine. Source

Read the original:
New Study Shows That Cheating Husbands Suffer More Penile Fractures For “Doing Sex” In Weird Places

Researchers find a ‘liberal gene’

Liberals may owe their political outlook partly to their genetic make-up, according to new research from the University of California, San Diego, and Harvard University. Ideology is affected not just by social factors, but also by a dopamine receptor gene called DRD4. The study's authors say this is the first research to identify a specific gene that predisposes people to certain political views. Appearing in the latest edition of The Journal of Politics published by Cambridge University Press, the research focused on 2,000 subjects from The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. By matching genetic information with maps of the subjects' social networks, the researchers were able to show that people with a specific variant of the DRD4 gene were more likely to be liberal as adults, but only if they had an active social life in adolescence. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter affecting brain processes that control movement, emotional response, and ability to experience pleasure and pain. Previous research has identified a connection between a variant of this gene and novelty-seeking behavior, and this behavior has previously been associated with personality traits related to political liberalism. Lead researcher James H. Fowler of UC San Diego and his colleagues hypothesized that people with the novelty-seeking gene variant would be more interested in learning about their friends' points of view. As a consequence, people with this genetic predisposition who have a greater-than-average number of friends would be exposed to a wider variety of social norms and lifestyles, which might make them more liberal than average. They reported that “it is the crucial interaction of two factors — the genetic predisposition and the environmental condition of having many friends in adolescence — that is associated with being more liberal.” The research team also showed that this held true independent of ethnicity, culture, sex or age. Fowler concludes that the social and institutional environment cannot entirely explain a person's political attitudes and beliefs and that the role of genes must be taken into account. “These findings suggest that political affiliation is not based solely on the kind of social environment people experience,” said Fowler, professor of political science and medical genetics at UC San Diego. “It is our hope that more scholars will begin to explore the potential interaction of biology and environment,” he said. “The way forward is to look for replication in different populations and age groups.” added by: Vierotchka

Are Disposable eReaders In Our Future?

Image via University of Cincinnati Scientists at University of Cincinnati have figured out how to use a plain old sheet of paper as a surface for electrowetting, the technology behind e-paper such as used in e-readers and similar devices. It sounds like a dream come true because, as the researchers point out, it reduces device complexity and cost. However, it could be a huge concern since it may very well result in “disposable” one-time-use electronics. … Read the full story on TreeHugger

More here:
Are Disposable eReaders In Our Future?

Ocean Cooling, Not Pollution, Halted Global Warming in Mid-20th Century

photo: Alan Strakey via flickr A new paper in the journal Nature explains what happened during the mid-twentieth century to halt the ever-increasing global temperature rise that continues to this day. Rather than warming in the Northern Hemisphere being stopped by a greater build-up of air pollution as had been supposed, the researchers say an unexpectedly a… Read the full story on TreeHugger

More here:
Ocean Cooling, Not Pollution, Halted Global Warming in Mid-20th Century

Why Alcohol Is Good For You

It's one of those medical anomalies that nobody can really explain: Longitudinal studies have consistently shown that people who don't consume any alcohol at all tend to die before people who do. At first glance, this makes little sense. Why would ingesting a psychoactive toxin that increases our risk of cancer, dementia and liver disease lengthen our lifespan? Well, the anomaly has just gotten more anomalous: A new study, published in the journal Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, followed 1,824 participants between the ages of 55 and 65. Once again, the researchers found that abstaining from alcohol increases the risk of dying, even when you exclude former alcoholics who have now quit. (The thinking is that ex-drinkers might distort the data, since they've already pickled their organs.) While 69 percent of the abstainers died during the twenty-year time span of the study, only 41 percent of moderate drinks passed away. (Moderate drinkers were also 23 percent less likely to die than light drinkers.) But here's the really weird data point: Heavy drinkers also live longer than abstainers. (Only 61 percent of heavy drinkers died during the study.) In other words, consuming disturbingly large amounts of alcohol seems to be better than drinking none at all. added by: 02yamahaR1

The Sun is changing the rate of radioactive decay, and breaking the rules of chemistry

The Sun is changing the supposedly constant rates of decay of radioactive elements, and we have absolutely no idea why. But an entirely unknown particle could be behind it. Plus, this discovery could help us predict deadly solar flares. It's one of the most basic concepts in all of chemistry: Radioactive elements decay at a constant rate. If that weren't the case, carbon-14 dating wouldn't tell us anything reliable about the age of archaeological materials, and every chemotherapy treatment would be a gamble. It's such a fundamental assumption that scientists don't even bother testing it anymore. That's why researchers had to stumble upon this discovery in the most unlikely of ways. A team at Purdue University needed to generate a string of random numbers, a surprisingly tricky task that is complicated by the fact that whatever method you use to generate the numbers will have some influence on them. Physics professor Ephraim Fischbach decided to use the decay of radioactive isotopes as a source of randomness. Although the overall decay is a known constant, the individual atoms would decay in unpredictable ways, providing a random pattern. That's when they discovered something strange. The data produced gave random numbers for the individual atoms, yes, but the overall decay wasn't constant, flying in the face of the accepted rules of chemistry. Intrigued, they checked out long range observations of silicon-32 and radium-226 decay, both of which showed a slight but definite variation over time. Intriguingly, the decay seemed to vary with the seasons, with the rate a little faster in the winter and a little slower in the summer. At first, the researchers tried to rationalize the seasonal fluctuations as the result of instrument error, perhaps caused by changing heat and humidity. But that idea fell apart when nuclear engineer Jere Jenkins noticed the decay rate of the short-lived isotope manganese-54 dropped slightly during a solar flare. In fact, the decrease began a good 36 hours before the flare occurred. That suggests two things: one that's theoretically puzzling, and another that's hugely exciting from a practical perspective. If decay rates really are affected by solar flares before the flares even occur, that could provide the first truly reliable early warning system for flares. Considering severe solar flares can wreak havoc on electrical grids and even kill astronauts who aren't properly protected, that would be a huge benefit for humanity. More at the link . . . http://io9.com/5619954/the-sun-is-changing-the-rate-of-radioactive-decay-and-bre… added by: pjacobs51

Vaccine patch may replace needles

Hate needles? Well here is some good news, after it is reported scientists at Emory University have developed a vaccination patch. Unlike the processes of using one needle the patch is covered in microscopic needles, which dissolve into the skin and vaccinate the patient against flu. The scientists claim the test performed on mice show the patch method is better at protecting the immune system against flu than the current system does. The study into the technology is continuing, but with this break through some are saying the patch will mean people can vaccinate themselves from home via a home delivery. Human trails are set to carry out over the next few years. “If proven to be effective in further trials, the patch would mean an end to the need for medical training to deliver vaccines and turn vaccination into a painless procedure that people could do themselves. It could also simplify large-scale vaccination during a pandemic, the researchers said. Although the study only looked at flu vaccine, it is hoped the technology could be useful for other immunisations and would not cost any more than using a needle.”-BBC added by: Mcellie

Monkeys Cleverly Escape Primate Research Institute

Photo via sndgrss At a primate research institute in Japan’s Kyoto University, recently a group of inventive monkeys managed to escape their enclosure despite the 17 foot tall electric fence in place to keep them in. With no obvious means of escape visible, the researchers were undoubtedly puzzled at how their high-tech security was breached — that is until they discovered the primates had figured out a way to catapult themselves…. Read the full story on TreeHugger

Read more here:
Monkeys Cleverly Escape Primate Research Institute

Delaying School Start Times Benefits Teens

“Researchers delayed the start time of a single school in Rhode Island by a half hour. After the change, students got 45 minutes more snooze time on average and reported feeling less fatigued and depressed. Absences during first period and visits to the health center for fatigue also declined. However, since the study involved only one school, the results might not necessarily apply to the general population, the researchers say. The school was also not typical in that about 80 percent of students were boarding there. Nonetheless, the findings add to a growing body of evidence suggesting that postponing school starts can have a number of payoffs for teens. While the researchers don't advocate that all high schools across the country change their schedules, they say it is something to ponder. “Even a modest delay in school start time, a half hour, can have a very significant impact on quality of life and health and mood of adolescents,” said study researcher Dr. Judith Owens, director of the Pediatric Sleep Disorder Center at Hasbro Children's Hospital in Providence, RI. Although such a change can be challenging in terms of coordinating a schedule shift, “I think the evidence really is mounting that it's an undertaking that's well worth at least considering,” Owens said. http://www.livescience.com/culture/school-start-time-teens-100705.html added by: DeliaTheArtist